Vrè Parfé Protocol · Testnet Live · 150,000+ Records

Truth, Locked at the
Moment of Creation

Vrè Parfé transforms raw sensor readings from physical renewable energy assets into cryptographically signed, physics-validated, immutable records — without any trusted intermediary at any point in the chain.

Verify a Record Now →

Built in Mauritius. Verified on a public ledger. Trusted by physics.

The Trust Gap

Carbon markets and renewable energy certificates run on a $2 billion integrity crisis. Not because the energy isn't real — but because we can't prove it.

Today's system works like this: an energy company generates power, writes a report about how much, sends it to an auditor who visits once a year, and a certifying body stamps it approved. Then that approved stamp is sold as a "verified" renewable energy certificate. The buyer hopes the paperwork is honest. There's no way to know.

The result is systematic greenwashing. Major corporations have been caught buying credits from projects that never existed. Legitimate generators are discounted because buyers can't tell the real from the fraudulent. The $2 billion "integrity gap" in global carbon markets isn't a scandal — it's the predictable outcome of a system built on trust instead of proof.

The Old Way

Reported Truth

Someone says they generated 500 kWh. An auditor visits once a year and checks the paperwork. A certifying body issues a certificate. The buyer accepts it on faith.

Trust required at every step. Fraud possible at every step.

The Vrè Parfé Way

Proven Truth

The meter reads 29 kWh. Physics confirms a 1 MW station can produce that in 12 minutes. The reading is signed with a cryptographic key. The signed record is written to a public ledger that no one can edit.

No trust required at any step. No fraud possible at any step.

$2 Billion

The estimated integrity gap in global carbon markets from unverifiable certificates — the direct cost of a system built on auditor trust instead of mathematical proof.

From Sensor to Certificate.
No Trust Required.

Vrè Parfé replaces the entire verification chain with physics and mathematics. Toggle between a plain-English overview and the full technical architecture.

📡

Physical Sensor

The EpiSensor ZEM63 meter measures real kilowatt-hours generated by the renewable installation.

⚖️

Physics Check

The reading is checked against the laws of physics. A 1 MW station cannot generate 500 kWh in 12 minutes. If it claims to, it's rejected — forever.

🔐

Cryptographic Signature

The verified reading is sealed with a unique digital signature. Changing even one digit breaks the seal — and the break is immediately detectable.

🌐

Public Ledger

The signed record is written to the Hedera public ledger — an immutable, publicly verifiable record. No one can delete or edit it. Not even us.

📜

Digital Passport

When enough verified energy accumulates, a Digital Passport (NFT) is minted — carrying the full proof chain from raw reading to certificate.

Data flowing through the protocol — live

Five-Layer Protocol Architecture

Layer 1

Edge Notary

Runs on the EpiSensor ZGW10 gateway. Receives MQTT payloads from ZEM63 meters. Applies physicsCheck(), validates against frozen TELEMETRY schema, signs with Ed25519+SHA256(stable-json), writes to HCS.

Layer 2

Spine (Governance)

Issues LICENSE_GRANT, GATEWAY_DEPLOY, LINK_SENSOR, STATUS_UPDATE records. Sets the capacityMW physics limit at commissioning time. Immutable authority — the constitution of the protocol.

Layer 3

Mission Control

Accumulates verified TELEMETRY. Triggers minting thresholds: REC at 100 kWh, H2O at 5,000 litres. Calls buildDigitalPassport(), writes MINT_EVENT to HCS, mints HTS NFT.

Layer 4

Marketplace

Commercial settlement layer. Enforces FISCAL_POLICY splits: PRIMARY 70/20/7/3% (Generator/Licensee/IPR/Tech), SECONDARY 4/4/1% perpetuity. All flows on-ledger.

Layer 5

Registry

Public read-only registry. Exposes verified records, Digital Passport lookup by claimId, and the full audit trail for every certificate.

Physics Gate Formula
physicsLimitKwh = capacityMW × 1000 × intervalHours

For a 1 MW station on ~12-minute intervals: 1.0 × 1000 × 0.2 = 200 kWh maximum. Any reading above this is rejected. The limit is set by Spine at commissioning — the Edge Notary cannot change its own physics ceiling.

Signature Algorithm
Ed25519+SHA256(stable-json)

Every TELEMETRY record carries the full Ed25519 public key PEM in sig.pub. Verification is self-contained — no external key registry lookup required. The message verifies itself.

Schema Integrity
Object.freeze(SCHEMAS)

8 frozen message schemas with both required AND forbidden field lists. Forbidden fields are injection guards — if a TELEMETRY record contains a passport or tokenId field, it is rejected. The schema cannot be mutated at runtime.

GEF — Grid Emission Factor
GEF_CONSTANT = 0.9908 (Mauritius baseline)

Every TELEMETRY record carries the GEF in meta.gef. CO₂ offset tokens are derived as: kgCO₂e = kWh × GEF. ISO 14064-1:2018 and ISO 14046:2014 compliant.

Don't Trust Us. Verify It Yourself.

Every record below exists permanently on the Hedera public ledger. You can verify every signature, trace every reading back to its source sensor, and confirm every certificate was earned by real, physics-validated energy generation.

Live REC topic · 0.0.7498906 · Producing records now

TELEMETRY Record

seq #1911
{
  "type": "TELEMETRY"
    The schema type. Frozen — cannot be any other value at the Edge Notary layer. Validated by validateSchema() before HCS submission.,
  "sensorRef": "SEN-ZEM63-0002",
  "gatewayRef": "GW-ZGW10-0001",
  "licenseeRef": "LIC-MU-0001",
  "monitoringType": "Generation",
  "kwh": 29
    29 kWh generated in this ~12-minute interval. Well below the physics limit of 200 kWh for a 1 MW station. Physics gate: PASSED.,
  "ts": "2026-03-30T19:08:15.904Z",
  "meta": {
    "gef": 0.9908
      Grid Emission Factor for Mauritius. Used to calculate CO₂e offset: kgCO₂e = kWh × 0.9908 = 28.73 kg for this reading.,
    "issuer": "Three T's (Mauritius) Limited",
    "registrationNo": "C19166743",
    "systemVersion": "V26.1.0"
  },
  "sig": {
    "v": "edge-notary-sign-v1",
    "alg": "Ed25519+SHA256(stable-json)"
      The payload is serialised with keys in a fixed (stable) order, SHA256-hashed, then signed with Ed25519. Changing any field breaks the hash — the forgery is immediately detectable.,
    "kid": "69925dfbcccd32d0",
    "payloadHash": "1e56f143…637e6",
    "signature": "yZu+I83w…3j9KDw=="
      The Ed25519 signature of the payload hash. The full public key (sig.pub) is embedded in the record — verification requires no external key lookup. The message is self-verifying.
  }
}

MINT_EVENT — Digital Passport

REC Token
{
  "type": "MINT_EVENT",
  "claimId": "PC-MU-REC-1743530219842"
    A unique certificate identifier in the format: PC (Protocol Claim) · MU (Mauritius) · REC (token type) · timestamp. Globally unique. Immutable once minted.,
  "tokenType": "REC",
  "measurementValue": 100,
  "measurementUnit": "kWh",
  "proof": {
    "verification_method": "Hedera Consensus Service",
    "topic_id": "0.0.7498906",
    "seq_from": 1890
      The first TELEMETRY sequence number that contributed to this certificate. You can look up seq 1890–1911 on Hashscan and verify that these readings total 100 kWh.,
    "seq_to": 1911,
    "hashscan_url": "https://hashscan.io/testnet/…"
  },
  "passport": {
    "asset_identity": {
      "issuer": "Three T's (Mauritius) Limited",
      "asset_class": "REC"
    },
    "regulatory": {
      "iso_standard": "ISO 14064-1:2018",
      "eu_qualification": "EU-CBAM-COMPLIANT"
    }
  }
}

Latest records from the ledger

Open Hashscan →
Connecting to Hedera testnet…

Code Is Law. Physics Is the Judge.

This is not a black box. The protocol is open, auditable, and transparent. Every rule that governs a certificate is written in code — and the code is public.

edge-notary-VPS-live.js
// Physics gate — called before every HCS submission
// maxKwh is set by Spine at gateway commissioning
// The edge notary cannot change its own ceiling.
function physicsCheck(kwh, maxKwh) {
  if (!Number.isFinite(kwh) || kwh < 0)
    return { ok: false, reason: "kwh_not_finite_or_negative" };

  if (kwh > maxKwh)
    return { ok: false, reason: "kwh_exceeds_reasonable_threshold" };

  return { ok: true };
}

// Physics limit derived from gateway commissioning record:
// physicsLimitKwh = capacityMW × 1000 × intervalHours
// For 1MW station, ~12-min interval: 1.0 × 1000 × 0.2 = 200 kWh
// A reading of 500 kWh → rejected. Forever. No exceptions.

Why Physics Is the First Law

Before a single byte reaches the ledger, the reading must pass the laws of thermodynamics. A 1 MW installation cannot generate 500 kWh in 12 minutes. If the meter claims that, something is wrong — hardware fault, firmware bug, or attempted fraud. The physics gate catches all three. Silently. Permanently.

Segregation of Duties

The entity recording the readings does not control its own physics ceiling. The ceiling is set by Spine — the governance layer — at gateway commissioning time, stored immutably on HCS. The Edge Notary loads it at startup and cannot change it. This is a fundamental control that no auditor needs to verify.

SCHEMAS_V2.js
// Frozen — runtime mutation is impossible
const SCHEMAS = Object.freeze({

  TELEMETRY: {
    version:  '2.0',
    // Fields that MUST be present
    required: ['type', 'sensorRef', 'gatewayRef',
               'licenseeRef', 'kwh', 'ts', 'meta'],
    // Fields that MUST NOT be present — injection guards
    forbidden: ['interpretation', 'value',
                'accumulated', 'passport',
                'tokenId', 'nftSerial']
  },

  MINT_EVENT: {
    version:  '2.0',
    required: ['type', 'claimId', 'licenseeRef',
               'tokenType', 'tokenId', 'proof',
               'passport', 'ts', 'meta'],
    forbidden: ['balance', 'accumulated', 'mutable']
  }

  // ... 6 more schema types
});

The Frozen Schema Principle

Object.freeze() prevents runtime mutation. The schema deployed to production is identical to the schema in this codebase. No one — not even the operator — can add, remove, or redefine a field after deployment.

Forbidden Fields — Injection Guards

Most systems define what is required. Vrè Parfé also defines what is forbidden. If a TELEMETRY record contains a passport or tokenId field, it is rejected before HCS submission. These fields belong to MINT_EVENT — not TELEMETRY. The injection guard prevents any attempt to smuggle certificate-level data into raw telemetry.

SCHEMAS_V2.js
function validateSchema(payload) {
  if (!payload || typeof payload !== 'object')
    throw new Error('SCHEMA VIOLATION: Payload must be a non-null object.');

  const schema = SCHEMAS[payload.type];
  if (!schema)
    throw new Error(
      `SCHEMA FROZEN: Unknown message type "${payload.type}".`
    );

  // Enforce required fields
  for (const field of schema.required) {
    if (!(field in payload))
      throw new Error(
        `SCHEMA LOCK VIOLATION: Missing "${field}" in ${payload.type}.`
      );
  }

  // Reject forbidden fields (injection guard)
  for (const field of schema.forbidden) {
    if (field in payload)
      throw new Error(
        `SCHEMA LOCK VIOLATION: Forbidden field "${field}" detected. Mutation attempt blocked.`
      );
  }

  return true;
}

The Gate That Cannot Be Bypassed

validateSchema() runs in three places: the Edge Notary (before HCS submission), Spine (before every governance write), and Mission Control (before every MINT_EVENT). No message can reach the ledger without passing this gate. There is no bypass path. There is no admin override.

Two-Way Validation

Unlike typical validators that only check for required fields, Vrè Parfé's validator actively rejects forbidden fields. This creates a two-way schema contract: the message must be exactly what it should be, and nothing else. Neither missing data nor extra data can pass the gate.

SCHEMAS_V2.js
function buildDigitalPassport(opts) {
  return {
    asset_identity: {
      issuer:          opts.issuer,
      registration_no: opts.registrationNo,
      asset_class:     opts.type,       // REC | H2O | CO2
      pc_mu_id:        opts.claimId
    },
    technical_telemetry: {
      sensor_did:        opts.sensorDid,
      measurement_value: opts.measurementValue,
      measurement_unit:  opts.measurementUnit,
      gef:               0.9908          // Mauritius baseline
    },
    proof: {
      verification_method: 'Hedera Consensus Service',
      topic_id:            opts.proofTopicId,
      seq_from:            opts.proofSeqFrom,  // first TELEMETRY
      seq_to:              opts.proofSeqTo     // last TELEMETRY
    },
    regulatory: {
      iso_standard:    'ISO 14064-1:2018',
      eu_qualification:'EU-CBAM-COMPLIANT',
      us_standard:     'US-GAAP Scope 2'
    }
  };
}

A Certificate That Carries Its Own Proof

The Digital Passport isn't just a certificate — it's a self-contained audit trail. The seq_from and seq_to fields point to the exact TELEMETRY records on HCS that justify this certificate. Anyone can go to Hashscan, look up those sequence numbers, and verify that those readings total the claimed amount.

Fully Replayable

Because every MINT_EVENT embeds its proof chain, the entire history of a certificate can be replayed from sequence 1. The ledger is the source of truth — not a database, not a server, not a company. The data itself is the proof.

From a River in Mauritius
to a Global Standard

Budapest, 2014

A Meeting That Changed Everything

A meeting in Budapest with Tomislav Tesla — the great great nephew of Nikola Tesla. An agreement was reached to develop his hydro turbine intellectual property. What began as an energy project would become something far larger.

River Tamarin, Mauritius

The World's First Tesla Cascading Hydro Power Station

Built on the River Tamarin in the Black River district of Mauritius — the world's first cascading hydro installation using Tesla turbine technology. Clean energy from the rivers of a small island, built by hand and conviction. Explore the full project at www.three-ts.com.

The Realisation

The Energy Wasn't the Problem

The turbine worked. The energy was real. And yet the world's carbon markets couldn't reliably verify it — not because the technology failed, but because the verification system was broken at its foundation. Periodic audits. Paper trails. Self-reported data. The trust problem wasn't about energy. It was about proof.

Building from First Principles

If You Can't Trust the System, Make the Data the Proof

Vrè Parfé was built with a single guiding principle: if the verification system requires trust, replace it with mathematics. Physics validates. Cryptography seals. The ledger preserves. No human intermediary at any point in the chain. Not us. Not an auditor. Not a regulator. The physics and the mathematics are the only authorities.

Today

150,000+ Immutable Records

Built by a single architect — using coding agents, unwavering vision, and the discipline to never compromise the core principle. 150,000+ HCS records since December 2025. 150,000+ NFTs minted as Digital Passports. Every one of them physics-validated, cryptographically signed, permanently verifiable on a public ledger.

"The turbine taught me that energy generation was never the problem. Verification was. So I replaced the entire verification chain with physics and mathematics."
— Founder, Three T's (Mauritius) Limited

Recognised. Reviewed. Ready.

Vrè Parfé is built to interoperate with the world's leading standards bodies, hardware partners, and regulatory frameworks.

📋 Standards Body

IWA Token Taxonomy Framework

Extension Set submitted to the InterWork Alliance Token Taxonomy Framework — the international standard for tokenised assets. Under review by the global dMRV working group. Pull Request #16 is live and open for comment.

View PR #16 on GitHub →
🔌 Hardware Partner

EpiSensor

Hardware partnership with EpiSensor — the ZEM63 energy meter and ZGW10 gateway are the reference hardware for Vrè Parfé. EpiSensor serves 25,000+ devices across 20 countries, with clients including Microsoft, Royal Mail, Veolia, ESB, Merck, and Enel X.

⛓️ Public Ledger

Hedera Hashgraph

Built on the Hedera public ledger. Consensus Service (HCS) for immutable ordered records. Token Service (HTS) for Digital Passport NFTs. Governed by a global council of leading organisations. Topic 0.0.7498906 — 3,473+ messages and counting.

View live on Hashscan →
🌍 Regulatory

Regulatory Alignment

Designed for alignment with the major global frameworks covering carbon markets, emissions reporting, and renewable energy certification across Europe, Africa, India, and international aviation.

Regulatory Framework Alignment

EU CBAM India CCTS UNFCCC Article 6 AUDA African Gold Standard ISO 14064-1:2018 ISO 14046:2014 CORSIA US-GAAP Scope 2

A Mycelial Network for Global Trust

150,000+ HCS Records
150,000+ NFTs Minted
3,473+ Pre-prod Messages
0 Trusted Intermediaries

Mycelium is the largest, most resilient distribution network in nature. It has no centre. No command structure. It connects trees that don't know they're connected and routes nutrients to where they're needed — without being told. If you cut it, it routes around the damage.

That's the architecture of Vrè Parfé. Each node is autonomous. Each record carries its own proof. If the Spine goes offline, the records already on the ledger remain verifiable forever. If a gateway disconnects, every record it wrote remains intact and fully auditable. The system doesn't degrade — because no single point carries the truth. The ledger is the mycelium.

Like Africa leapfrogged telephone exchanges with mobile money, the developing world can leapfrog the entire legacy MRV industry — the consultants, the auditors, the periodic site visits, the paper certificates — with a single gateway and a JavaScript process that enforces physics.

From Rwanda to Zambia, from India to Mauritius: plug in, connect, verify. No intermediary required. No permission needed. The physics is the authority.

Solar Farm

Physics gate ✓
Ed25519 sig ✓

Hydro Plant

Physics gate ✓
Ed25519 sig ✓

Wind Farm

Physics gate ✓
Ed25519 sig ✓

Any Source

Plug-and-play
Any geography

"Truth, locked at the moment of creation, changes everything. The data itself is the proof."
Vrè Parfé Protocol · Built from first principles in Mauritius